| Chapter
2: Nallur And Jaffna
As
like the confusion that is prevailing regarding Nallur and the City of
Singai, confusion is prevailing regarding Jaffna and Nallur also. One set
of people opine that ‘Yaappapattuna’ is the Sinhalese version of Nallur
and the other group holds that Yaappapattuna is the Sinhalese version of
Yaazhpaanam (Jaffna). Dr. C.K.Sitrambalam, Swami Gnaprakasar
and such others are of the opinion that the term ‘Yaappapattuna’
refers to Nallur only. It can be said that ‘Yaazhpaanapatinam (Jaffna
City)-that which the Sinhalese books call ‘Yaappapattuna’ referred to Nallur
only.' (Yaazhpana Rajjiyam, Dr. C.K. Sitrambalam, Eela
Murasu, 25.2.94). Further, as per the claims of Swami Gnaparaksar,
S.W. Kumaraswami and others also it was the name ‘Yaapane’ given
to Nallur by the Sinhalese which later became ‘Yaazhpaanam’.
Gnaprakasa Swamigal
and the author of ‘Idapeyar’ (Name of place) Sri S.W.Kumaraswami
not only held that the tale of Yaazhpaadi was a fictitious one and that
such stories were abundant in ‘Vaiyapaadal’ and ‘Dakshina Kailaaya
purana’ but also claimed that the ‘Vaibavamaalai’ person had
tied the Kavi Veeraragavan history on the head of Yaazhpaadi and that in
reality there was no such person at all, that Yaazhpaanam was not given
away as gift to
anybody ,that the name Yaapane Yaappaapattuna
was given by the Sinhalese to
the City of Nallur was later changed
as Yaazhpanam and that our bards had
metaphorized the tale of Yaazhpaanan
(Yaazhpaanach Charitham P .253)
The contention of such people like
Mudaliar Rasanayagam, Dr. K.S.Nataraja is exactly the opposite.
They hold that it is the Tamil name 'Yaazhpaanapattinam’
which has become ‘Yaazhppapattunae’ which is Sinhalese.
“..... it is indeed a surprise
how the Jaffna people had come across
the name ‘Yaappapattunae’ which
had appeared in a book which was written by a Sinhalese bard in Thangaalai
and started using it in its modified form. Though there is harmony in meaning
between the two terms Yaappapattuna and Nallur there was no need to give
an already existing name to Nallur and so call it. Wonder why the Sinhalese
who still retain those names that end with the term Nallur which the Tamils
formerly suffixed to the various places in the country of Srilanka should
have changed the name Nallur in Jaffna, and that too into a Sinhalese name.
“And, one is more bewildered as to why the Tamils have failed to change
the names of places and lands in Jaffna which have Sinhalese names into
Tamil ones. Now, is ‘Pattuna’ of Sinhalese tongue? Even school kids would
know that it is the term ‘Pattinam’. So, it becomes clear that ‘Yaazhpaanapattina’
was a Tamil name which the Sinhalese had distorted and called Yaappapattunae..."
(Yaazhpaanach Charithram, P.254).
Of this issue Dr. K. S. Nataraja’s
view point is also worthy of note. He has
given a viable explanation regarding
this matter.“.. The term ‘Yaappapattuna’ which was considered to be
a Sinhalese term is actually a compund word with the term ‘Yappa and ‘Pattuna
coming together. Pattuna in Tamil is the distorted form of Pattinam which
refers to a coastal city or town. And, that term was used in the verse
‘Pattinppalai’ appearing in ‘Pathuppaatu’ which is one of the Tamil literary
collections of the Sangam period. Therefore, there is absolutely no basis
to claim that this is a Sinhalese word before Christ. ...and the contention
that the term Yaava has come to take the distorted form Yaapa is not acceptable.
So, we cannot think that Yaapa is the Tamil version of Java. Further, it
is not the Sinhalese vesion of Java too. For, there has never been the
practice of calling Java as ‘Yaba’ in Sinhalese literature.... So, it is
a fitting claim that the Sinhalese name Yaappapattuna was coined from the
Tamil Yaazhappanap Patttinam..."
(Causes for the name ‘Yaazhpaanam’.....Dr.
K.S.Nataraja, Thamizhosai,
11.11.93).In the above mentioned
article K.S.Nataraja cites another reason too as a decisive proof for his
claim. “Further, the practice of lifting the names of cities and towns
from one tongue to another and the people of the receiving tongue using
them as names for their place is not at all in vogue. Then we wouldn’t
be able to say why the Nallur of Yaazhpaanam is called so and not as Yabane
which is considered to be its Sinhalese version..... So, we should take
the term Yapane as the distorted Sinhalese form of Tamil’s Yaazhpaanam”
(Thamizhosai ,11.11.93).
Mayil Vahanap Pulavar’s
'Yaazhpaana Vaibhavamaalai' (edited by Mudaliar Kula Sabarathan)
would explain clearly that a blind Yaazhpanan (a lutist) by name ‘Andhagag
Kavi Veeraraghavan’ played on the flute and won many prizes and
the name Yaazhpaanam resulted out of this episode.
“In those days, from the Chola
Kindom a lutist by name Kavi Veeraraghavan who was blind on both the eyes
sang a song in praise of alasingamagarasan who was ruling from Senkadaga
Nagar, and going there the lutists sang the song playing on his lute. The
song made the king so happy that he gifted this country called ‘Manatridal’
which is in the northern side o Srilanka, to the lutist. And, the lutist,
ie. Yaazhpaanan in Tamil named it as ‘Yaazhpanam...”(Yaaghpaana Vaibhavamalai,
page 25)
And that which was called as Senkkadaganagar
by Mayivalaganap pulavar referred to the city of Singai,
holds Mudaliar Rasanayagam. "..The name Singainagar must
have been changed either by Mayilvahanap Pulavar or someone who wrote after
him, as Senkadaga Nagar, inVaibavamaalai. During the rule of Ukkirasingan
a city called Senkadaga Nagar was something never even dreamed of...."
(Yaazhpaana Charithram- (The History o Jaffna) - Page 29).
"..As all the books written during
the rules of the kings of Jaffna
(Yaazhpaanatharasar) who came
afterwards state that those kings had ruled from Singai Nagar it would
be fitting to say that Ukkirasingan had shifted his Rajdhani to the City
of Singai (Singai Nagar). And the name Singainagar alone must have become
SenkadagoNagar afterwards..." (Yaazhpaana Charithram. Page 234).
As per the contention of A.Muthuthambi
Pillai who has given another book
titled 'Yaazhpana Charithram’,
Yaazhpaanam was the piece of land gifted away to a blind lutist by the
kind called Aelaelasing who belonged to the 2nd
Century B.C. For this claim of his
he cites the following verse as
proof:(“narai kottilankantru,
nalvalanadu nayanthalippan…”).
‘-From the style of versification
which is based on the Yaapu mode, it
becomes clear that it belonged to
the period after 3rd Century A-D’, holds
K.S.Nataraja. ‘Vayapaadal’
would say that it was a lutist palying it for
Vibeedanan who developed the highlands
on the northern side of Srilanka and
turned them rich and fertile. M.K.
Anthonysil has also written a good write
up on this issue in which he would
say that the place in which one of the
three sects of Paanas, the Yaazhpaanas
lived came to be known as
Yaazhpaanam.
“One of the old castes among tamils,
the Paanaas ( )were of three
catagories. One of the three
was Yaazhpaanaas. The ancient instruments of
Tamils were three. Yaazh(Lute),
Kuzhal (Flute) and muzhavu(kind of drum). Of these those who played on
yaazh were called yaazhpaanaas. in course of time this became a caste name.
Therefore Yaazhpaanar is a caste name.... And, of these people who belonged
to the yaazhpaanaa caste mentioned and referred to in our great Tamil classics
and literary works, one group inhabited a place in the northern side of
the isle of Srilanka and this place had come to be known as Yaazhpaanam.”
(Veera
kesari 9.12.1990.)
Taking all these into account we
can but arrive at the conclusion given
below : Rather than the claim that
the name Yaazhpaanam had come into being
from the Sinhalese version of Nallur-
yaappapattunae, the contention that
Yaappapattunae is the Sinhalese
distortion of the pure Tamil word
‘Yaazhpaanam, is more applicable
and acceptable. Though there is harmony of
meaning between Yaapapattunae and
Nallur, Mudaliar Rasanayakam’s argumentthat there was no need to give a
previous name to Nallur and call it so,
sounds true and agreeable.
Further, that which he points out
in another place - “...... and also, the
islamic travellers from western
countries who had got down on this shore too had called it as Jappa, Sappa,
and such other terms having the same
intonation...” is also noteworthy.
Further, the song given below, which comes in Kailayamaalai
speaks of ‘Yaazhpaanam’ and Nalla Nagar as two different places and
this should also be taken into account From all these, we can arrive
at this conclusion only;- That Nallur and Singai Nagar were two different
Rajadhanis, two different cities/towns. Yaappapattunae is but the
distorted Sinhalese version of Yaazhpaanam. The claim that Yaazhpaanam
has come from the Sinhalese version of Nallur, Yaappapattunae seems to
have no probability at all. |